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    • 专利摘要:
    tapered throttle valve the invention relates to a throttle valve comprising a fluid inlet (29) and a fluid outlet (27). the throttle valve is arranged to control a flow of a stream of fluid flowing via a flow path from the fluid inlet (29) to the fluid outlet (27). the flow path comprises a plurality of openings (330) which, in use, create a pressure reduction on the throttle valve and, thus, a cooling effect of the fluid. the openings (330) widen in a downstream direction.
    公开号:BR112012002144B1
    申请号:R112012002144-3
    申请日:2009-07-30
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:Max Robert Anthony Ter Haar；Zvonimir Opic；Marco Betting；Cornelis Antonie Tjeenk Willink；Swie Siang Sebastiaan Kwee
    申请人:Twister B.V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical Field
    [001] The present invention relates to a throttle valve. Description of the State of the Art
    [002] Throttle valves or control valves are known from the prior art. These valves can be used to control the flow of a fluid stream and possibly also to enlarge the sizes of liquid droplets in the fluid stream flowing through a choke valve. The term choke valve is used to denote valves to control one or more process parameters, such as, but not limited to flow, pressure, temperature, liquid level, etc.
    [003] In the oil and gas industry, control valves are used to control pressure, level, temperature and flow. In some cases, these control valves operate in strangulation conditions, once sufficient pressure drop has been created over the control valve. In natural gas processing, this pressure reduction over a valve causes the temperature to drop without extracting heat or gas (ie adiabatic) work. This so-called acceleration process is isentalpical in nature, as part of the potential energy that was available for thermodynamic work was dissipated inside the valve. For real gas conditions, such as high-pressure natural gas, intermolecular forces are dominated by forces of association, so the so-called isentpalpous expansion process results in what is known as the Joule-Thompson (JT) cooling. The resulting decrease in temperature is merely due to the decrease in internal molecular energy while the enthalpy remained unchanged. The valve that creates this pressure reduction is called the JT valve. The cooling effect on a JT valve can be used to condense a portion of the natural gas flow, so that a liquefied and / or solidified fraction can be separated into a container. For most of these separating containers, the driving force is either forces of inertia or gravity or, in other words, the masses of the liquefied droplets determine the efficiency of the separation. A so-called Low Temperature Separator that was preceded by a JT valve is generally called a JT-LTS system.
    [004] For example, a traditional globe valve is known for control service as supplied by Mokveld Valves BV, in which the fluid flow is accelerated over a perforated sleeve 23. A piston-type valve body 22 can be provided on the perforated sleeve 23 to control the flow through the perforated sleeve 23. This globe valve will be described in greater detail below with reference to Figure 1a to 1d.
    [005] The conventional Mokveld choke valve shown in Figure 1a comprises a valve housing 21 in which a piston-type valve body 22 is slidable (see arrow 8) arranged on the associated perforated sleeve 23 so that, by rotating a gear wheel 24 on a valve shaft 25, a toothed piston rod 26 pushes the piston-type valve body up and down in a fluid outlet channel 27, as illustrated by arrow 28. The valve has a channel fluid intake manifold 29 having an annular downstream section 29a that can surround the valve body 22 and / or the perforated sleeve 23 and the flow fluid that is allowed to flow from the fluid intake channel 29 into the delivery channel fluid outlet 27 is controlled by the axial position of the piston-type valve body 22 relative to the associated perforated sleeve 23.
    [006] The conventional sleeve 23 comprises the openings 30 - perforations, grooves or holes - which have a radial orientation, that is, rectangular to the cylindrical surface of the sleeve 23. This is shown in Figure 1b, being a cross-sectional view of the perforated sleeve 23.
    [007] By moving the valve body 22 on the sleeve 23 in an axial direction, the flow area can be controlled.
    [008] As illustrated in Figure 1c, the flow pattern in a globe 23 valve with radial openings is highly disordered, thus introducing high shear forces causing the droplets to break into smaller droplets. Figure 1d schematically illustrates the uniform mist flow with small liquid droplets in the fluid outlet channel 27, and illustrates that the concentration of the droplets in the fluid outlet channel 27 is substantially uniform (indicated by uniform gray shading).
    [009] Although the main function of a JT valve is to control the flow rate, it is generally overlooked that the second function is to create a separable liquid phase. In the gas processing industry, the average droplet size resulting from an isentalpal expansion over a JT valve is unknown, so the separation efficiency of the downstream separators is largely unknown. From time to time, gas quality problems do occur due to the sub-optimal separation efficiency. In those cases, it is usually the hydrocarbon dew point, which remains too high, which indicates that especially hydrocarbon droplets tend to be too small.
    [0010] WO2006070020 describes an improved valve, which increases separation efficiency. This will be discussed in more detail below with reference to Figures 2a to 2d.
    [0011] The valve shown in Figure 2a comprises a valve housing 21 in which a piston-type valve body 22 is slidably arranged (see arrow 8) in the associated perforated sleeve or cage 123, so that by rotation of one gear wheel 24 on a valve shaft 25, a toothed piston rod 26 pushes the piston-type valve body up and down into a fluid outlet channel 27, as illustrated by arrow 28. The valve has a fluid inlet channel 29 having an annular downstream section 29A that can surround the valve body 22 and / or the perforated sleeve 123 and the flow of fluid that is allowed to flow in from the fluid inlet channel 29 inward of the fluid outlet channel 27 is controlled by the axial position of the piston-type valve body 22 relative to the associated perforated sleeve 123. Furthermore, the valve may comprise a conical central body 15 which is substantially coaxial to a central geometric axis 11 of the channel in fluid outlet 27 and which generates an outlet channel 27 having a transverse area gradually increasing in a downstream direction, thereby generating a controlled deceleration of the fluid flow in outlet channel 27 and constituting a vertex that promotes growth and coalescence drops or bubbles of fluid condensed in oil.
    [0012] Figure 2b illustrates that, in the throttle valve, the perforated sleeve 123 comprises non-radial or inclined openings 130, which are drilled in a partially selected tangential orientation with respect to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 123, so that the longitudinal geometric axis 12 of each of the openings 130 crosses the central geometric axis 11 at a distance D, which is between 0.2 and 1, preferably between 0.5 and 0.99 times the internal radius R of the sleeve 123.
    [0013] The sloped openings 130 create a swirl flow in the fluid flow that flows through the fluid outlet channel 27 as illustrated by arrow 14. The swirl movement can also be imposed by a specific geometry of the valve cut and / or valve stem and / or valve housing. In the valve according to Figures 2a and 2b, the available free pressure is used for adiabatic expansion to create a swirling flow in the fluid flow. As no thermodynamic work is performed on, or distributed by, the expansion fluid in relation to its surroundings, said adiabatic expansion can be considered as an isentalpic process. The kinetic energy is mainly dissipated by dampening the apex along a length of pipe extended downstream of the valve.
    [0014] As illustrated in Figure 2c, the flow pattern in a globe valve with tangential openings is ordered and has a swirling motion, thus reducing the shear forces that can cause the droplets to break into smaller droplets and promote micro droplets / bubbles coalescence. Figure 2d schematically illustrates the fog flow with small liquid droplets concentrated on the outer perimeter of the fluid outlet channel 27.
    [0015] As illustrated in Figure 2d, the presence of a swirling motion in the throttle valve concentrates the droplets 18 in a reduced area 7A on the outer boundary (about 60% of the total cross-sectional area) of the fluid outlet channel 27 (higher concentration indicated by darker shading), so that the density of the number of droplets increases with a factor of about 1.7. Furthermore, the rate of turbulence dissipation at the vertex core is higher because of the high tangential velocity.
    [0016] It will be understood that the creation of large liquid droplets (or large gas bubbles in the case of oil or condensate degassing) in the outlet channel 27 of the choke valve will become easier to separate the liquid and gaseous phase in a fluid separation set that can be arranged downstream of the throttle valve. Said subsequent fluid separation set may comprise one or more gravity and / or cyclonic separation containers.
    [0017] The fluid could be either (1) a predominantly gas carrier with a liquid phase or (2) a predominantly liquid carrier with an immiscible liquid and / or gas phase. An example of option (1) is an LTS process with a JT valve fed by a flow of natural gas with a liquid fraction of condensates, water and glycol. An example of option (2) is a process for stabilizing hydrocarbon condensate or oil with a throttle valve fed by a flow of condensate or oil with a liquid fraction of water and / or glycol and entrained gas.
    [0018] Figures 2c and 2d illustrate that the advantage of creating a swirling flow in the external valve channel is twofold: 1. Regular velocity pattern -> lesser interfacial shear -> less droplet / bubble break -> larger drops, and 2. Concentration of droplets on the outer circumference 7A of the flow area of the external fluid channel 7 or droplet concentration in the center of the fluid outlet channel 7 -> greater density -> improved coalescence -> larger drops / bubbles 18. Solidification
    [0019] By cooling a current flowing in a process (for example, expansion cooling, cooling cooling, etc.), the fraction condensed by (partially) solidifying, for example, crystalline solids. For well fluids produced from underground reservoirs, these solids may comprise gas hydrates, oil greases, asphaltenes, resins, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.
    [0020] Gas clathrate, also called gas hydrate or gas ice, is a solid form of water that contains a large amount of gas molecules within its crystal structure. Said gas clathrates are found in fluid formations, for example, oil or natural gas, in which some of the gas components (eg, methane, ethane, propane, (iso) butane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) can form hydrates together with water at a high pressure. These hydrates generally exist in solid agglomerated forms that are essentially insoluble in the fluid itself.
    [0021] Thermodynamic conditions that favor the formation of gas hydrate are generally found in gas pipelines, transfer lines or other conduits, valves and / or safety devices, containers, heat exchangers, etc. This is highly undesirable because gas crystals can agglomerate and cause blockage or blockage of the flow line, valves and instrumentation. This results in shutdown, loss of production, risk of explosion and injury or unwanted release of hydrocarbons into the environment, both on land and off-shore. Consequently, natural gas hydrates are of substantial interest, as well as a concern for many industries, particularly the oil and natural gas industries.
    [0022] Carbon dioxide (CO2) crystals can form when a CO2 containing well fluid is cooled to temperatures below -60 ° C. The processes that intentionally process fluids to produce CO2 solids are known from the documents WO9901706 and WO03062725.
    [0023] Greases, resins and asphaltenes can form in a well fluid containing oil that is cooled, for example, in a pressure reducing container (ie bottle).
    [0024] Consequently, the throttle valves as described above with reference to Figures 1a to 2d are susceptible to such problems. During use, the (inclined) openings 30, 130 can be blocked (partially) by solids comprised in the fluid stream. Said solids may then tend to stick to the interior of the valve, as well as at the intake and inside the (inclined) perforations 30, 130, thereby partially or completely blocking the (inclined) openings 30, 130. Brief Description of the Present Invention
    [0025] It is an objective to provide a choke valve that overcomes at least one of the problems identified above the openings that are blocked by solids, such as hydrates.
    [0026] According to one embodiment, there is provided a throttle valve comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the throttle valve being arranged to control a flow of a stream of fluid flowing through a flow path. from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, the flow path comprising a plurality of openings which, in use, create a pressure reduction on the choke valve and thus a cooling effect of the fluid, in which the openings widen in a downstream direction. The openings can have an angle Φ in the range of 10 ° - 50 °. Also, the openings can have an axial, tangential or radial orientation or direction in relation to a central geometric axis. The openings can also have a combination of tangential and axial orientation or direction in relation to a central geometric axis.
    [0027] Such a choke valve has the advantages that the openings are less likely to be blocked by solids, due to the conical shape of the openings. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0028] The modalities will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which corresponding numerical references indicate corresponding parts, and in which: Figures 1a to 1d show schematically a valve according to the technique previous, Figures 2a to 2d show schematically an additional valve according to the prior art, Figures 3a to 3c show schematically a side view of a valve according to the modalities, AsFiguras4aa4 and show schematically an additional modality, AsFiguras5aa5and show schematically an additionalmodality, Figures 6a to 6d and 7a to 7b show additional modalities schematically, Figure 8 schematically depicts a graph of ice adhesion power on different surfaces, and AsFiguras9aac depicts an additional modality schematically. Detailed Description of the Modalities
    [0029] One embodiment will now be described with reference to Figures 3a and 3c, which show a choke valve comprising a fluid inlet 29 and a fluid outlet 27, the choke valve being arranged to control a flow of a flowing fluid stream. by means of a flow path from the fluid inlet 29 to the fluid outlet 27, the flow path comprising a plurality of openings 330 which, in use, create a pressure reduction on the throttle valve and thus , a cooling effect of the fluid, in which the openings 330 widen in a downstream direction.
    [0030] Pressure reduction (expansion) and cooling result in condensation and then liquid droplets are being formed during expansion along the valve's flow path. The throttle valve uses the free pressure available for isentalpal expansion and, in some embodiments, to create a swirling flow in the fluid stream.
    [0031] The downstream direction can be defined as the flow direction in use through the openings 330 in the direction of the fluid outlet channel 27. In fact, as will be explained in more detail below, the longitudinal geometric axis that defines the orientation of the flare openings 330 may have any suitable orientation, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to Figures 4 to 7.
    [0032] According to a modality, the openings (330) have a divergent angle Φ in the range of 10 ° to 50 °. Considerations for choosing a suitable angle will be explained in more detail below.
    [0033] Then, the throttle valve may comprise a valve housing 21 and a perforated sleeve 323, the perforated sleeve 323 comprising the plurality of openings 330.
    [0034] As shown in Figure 3a, the flow direction can be chosen so that the fluid flows from the outside of the perforated sleeve 323 to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323. However, according to an alternative shown in Figure 3b , the throttle valve can be used in a reversed direction, that is, the fluid can flow from the inside of the perforated sleeve 323 to the outside of the perforated sleeve 323. Figure 3c schematically depicts an opening 330, in which an arrow DD schematically depicts the downstream direction for 3a or 3b.
    [0035] The throttle valve can additionally comprise a piston-type valve body 22, the piston-type valve body 22 being slidably arranged with respect to said perforated sleeve 323, to control the flow of the fluid stream through the openings 330.
    [0036] The piston-type valve body 22 and the perforated sleeve 323 can be arranged according to the modalities described with reference to Figures 1a to 1d and 2a to 2d. The perforated sleeve 323 can have a cylinder shape, with a geometric axis of the body along the longitudinal geometric axis 11. The openings 330 can be formed by circumferentially spaced perforations of the sleeve 323. The piston-type valve body 22 can have a cylinder shape corresponding to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323 and can be positioned inside the sleeve 323, so that an external surface of the piston-type valve body 22 protrudes or is relatively close to an inner surface of the perforated sleeve 323. In addition, the piston-type valve body 22 can be extended with a tapered central body 15 that deflects the fluid stream exiting the openings of the perforated sleeve 323.
    [0037] Furthermore, the valve has a fluid inlet channel 29 that has an annular downstream section 29a that can surround the piston-type valve body 22 and / or perforated sleeve 123 and the fluid stream that is allowed to flow from the fluid inlet channel 29 into the fluid outlet channel 27 it is controlled by the axial position of the piston-type valve body 22 relative to the associated perforated sleeve 123.
    [0038] It is noted that other types of choke valves, Joule-Thomson or other choke and / or choke type valves can also be used, such as a choke valve in which the piston 22 type valve body is replaced by a component that is slidably arranged outside the perforated sleeve 323. In that case, the piston-type valve body 22 may comprise an inner cylinder-shaped wall that matches the model and shape of the outer wall of the perforated sleeve 123.
    [0039] The piston-type valve body 22 does not comprise openings or the like and can then be used to block fluid flowing from the fluid inlet channel 29 to the fluid outlet channel 27. In use, the fluid flows from the fluid inlet channel 29 into the fluid outlet channel 27 via a portion of the plurality of openings 330. By changing the relative position of the piston-type valve body 22 and the perforated sleeve 323, less or more openings 330 are present between the fluid inlet channel 29 and the fluid outlet channel 27 allowing the passage of fluid. The number of openings 330 can vary from a minimum amount of zero, associated with a completely closed position, to a maximum amount, associated with a completely open position of the throttle valve.
    [0040] As described, the openings 330 widen in a downstream direction. This means that the openings 330 have an inlet 301 on one side upstream with a first cross-sectional area A1 and an outlet 302 on one side downstream with a second cross-sectional area A2, where the first cross-sectional area A1 is substantially smaller than the second cross-sectional area A2: A1 <A2. The first cross-sectional area A1 may, for example, be less than 75% of the second cross-sectional area A2. As explained above, the downstream direction can be from the outside to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323, or vice versa.
    [0041] The openings 330 can be a substantially round cross-sectional area. However, other suitable shapes can also be designed, such as a rectangular cross-sectional area.
    [0042] Flaring openings 330 have the advantage that hydrates will not be trapped in aperture 330, that is, openings 330 have a form of self-expulsion. This will be explained in more detail below. Solid-solid interface
    [0043] As explained below, hydrates tend to stick to the inner walls of openings 330 as a result of adhesion forces and frictional forces. The adhesion resistance (Ps) between solid surfaces is determined by the interfacial energies between these surfaces, as well as the surface coating (smooth / rough).
    [0044] The perforated sleeve 323 is, for example, made of high alloy steels, such as duplex or Cr steels or metals like Titanium or Tungsten or a ceramic material. Therefore, a maximum bond strength between a hydrate and an alloy steel surface is assumed to be Ps = 12.105 N / m2. The indications of adhesion resistances can be found, for example, in “Bonding properties of hydrates and gas ice” by Bondarev E.A., Groisman A.G. and Savvin A.Z. 1996 (During the 2nd International Conference on natural gas hydrates) ”.
    [0045] Furthermore, the inner surface of the perforated sleeve 323 can be coated with a suitable material that repels ice and / or water. Tests with different coated and uncoated surfaces were developed showing an unequivocal relationship between the adhesion resistance (ice surface) and the hysteresis of the water contact angle on the said surface. Said empirical relationship is shown in Figure 8, showing an ice bond strength of a selected surface as a function of surface wetting.
    [0046] All points in Figure 8 represent surfaces of a specific material composition and a specific surface topology. Contact angle hysteresis is defined as the difference between the forward water contact angle and the reverse water contact angle. The graph shows that the water ice adhesion resistance decreases when the water contact angle hysteresis decreases. Divergence angle
    [0047] In order to minimize the static frictional forces between the interior surface of the openings 330 and possibly hydrates in the openings, as well as to allow the release of hydrates from an opening, modalities are provided, in which the shape of the openings are conically diverging in a downstream direction or, in other words, where the openings 330 widen in a downstream direction DD. An example of said opening 330 is shown in detail in Figure 3c. Aperture 330 has a height h in a downstream direction and a diverging angle Φ which is typically 10 °. Opening 330 has an inlet 301 with a typical size d.
    [0048] Below is provided a first approximation of order of the physics involved.
    [0049] For a given application, a certain minimum differential pressure Pd is determined. If an opening 330 becomes completely blocked with hydrates, a force Fd = Pd.A1 in a normal direction for the cross section of the opening acts on that hydrate, where A1 is the cross sectional area of the opening of the opening 330.
    [0050] In the same way, a certain adhesion force between the internal wall and the hydrate is applied: Fs = Ps.As, where As is the internal surface of the opening. From Bondarev et al. it is known that, for alloy steel surfaces, the maximum adhesion resistance (Ps) between the gas hydrate and the said surface can be assumed to be 12.105 N / m2 (= 12 bar).
    [0051] Finally, the frictional forces (Ff) are determined with the normal force (FN) with respect to the internal surface of the opening As and the friction factor (f) between the two solid surfaces so that Ff = f.FN . The normal force FN is proportional to: 1. the differential pressure force Fd, 2. the Poisson ratio of the gas hydrate (or any other solid under consideration), 3. the ratio of the cross section of the aperture A1 / A2.
    [0052] As the first two variables are given with the application of the process under consideration, only the A1 / A2 ratio is an independent design variable which, together with the height of the opening h, determines the angle of divergence Φ. The larger the cross-sectional area at the opening of the opening (A2), the greater the deformation of the hydrate volume in the direction of the longitudinal geometric axis of the opening 12, and then, the lower the compression stress (PN) in the radial direction (opening cylindrical) or in the transverse direction (rectangular opening).
    [0053] The design criteria for opening 330 now become: Fd> FS + FN, that is, the sum of the adhesion force Fs and the normal force FN must be less than the pressure force Fd, so that the hydrate is pushed out of aperture 330.
    [0054] The above is a first approximation of the order of physics that is involved. However, the first approximation of order above shows that it is advantageous to provide conical openings 330, with a determined angle of divergence Φ, that is, in the range of 10 to 50 °.
    [0055] For openings 330 having a circular cross section with a diameter d, the following applies:

    [0056] Likewise, for openings 330 having a rectangular cross section with length 1 and width w, the following applies:

    [0057] In order to reduce the frictional forces (Ff), it is preferred to polish the interior surface of the opening to an average roughness of Ra <2 microns or Ra <0.6 microns.
    [0058] Then, according to a modality, the inner surface of the openings 330, 330 ', 330' ', 330' '' ', 330' '' '' have an average surface roughness (Ra) below 2 microns.
    [0059] According to one embodiment, the internal surface As of the openings 330 exerts a hysteresis of water contact angle below 25 °, that is, to reduce the adhesion force Fs between the solid surface and the interior surface of the opening , a material can be chosen by exerting a difference between the forward and backward water contact angle of <25 ° or less than 15 °.
    [0060] In order to avoid the accumulation of hydrate deposition, the internal surfaces of the openings can be coated with an anti-frost coating. A suitable antifreeze coating could be a fluorinated carbon-like diamond (F-DLC). It is necessary for the surface roughness of said coating (and the underlying surface) to be less than 0.05 micrometers in all directions, although more preferably less than 0.02 micrometers in all directions. Any coating layer (for example, ceramic, diamond-type carbon, elastomers, polymers) can be suitable as long as the static water contact angle on said surface is greater than 90 ° or more preferably greater than 110 °, while maintaining a difference between the forward water contact angle and the backward water contact angle on said surface (i.e., hysteresis) of less than 25 °, but more preferably less than 15 °.
    [0061] Then, the inner surface can be coated as a Diamond-like carbon layer, with a layer thickness of less than 3 microns.
    [0062] The materials may comprise Diamond-type carbon coatings primarily consisting of polycrystalline carbon bonds. According to one embodiment, the Diamond-type carbon layer comprises one or more of the Carbon-Fluorine, Carbon-Silicon, Carbon-Oxygen bonds , Carbon-Hydrogen. Then, the Diamond type coating can comprise carbon bonds with one of the following atoms, Fluorine (F), Silicon (S), Oxygen (O) and / or Hydrogen (H). Said Diamond type coatings can be applied over the material (i.e., alloy steel) with a layer thickness of more than 3 microns or, more preferably, of more than 6 microns. Radial aperture
    [0063] According to the modalities depicted schematically in Figures 4a to 4e, there is provided a throttle valve, in which the openings 330 'have a substantial radial orientation in relation to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 323. Then, the openings 330 'are substantial rectangular to the cylindrical surface of the sleeve 323. An example of this is shown in Figure 4a.
    [0064] A more detailed view is shown in Figure 4b, where it is shown that the inlet 301 is substantially smaller than the outlet 302. The inner walls of the openings 330 'may be at an angle of divergence Φ, as defined above, creating a widening opening in the downstream direction. Figure 4c shows a top view of the perforated sleeve 323 showing only an opening 330 'by way of example.
    [0065] As can be seen, the longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 'go substantially through the central geometric axis 11, that is, at a distance (not shown), which is between 0 and 0.1 times the internal radius R of sleeve 323. The longitudinal geometric axis 12 is in a direction that divides the angle of divergence Φ (bisector) equally.
    [0066] Figures 4d to 4e schematically depict another example, in which the downstream direction is chosen from inside the perforated sleeve 323 to the outside of the perforated sleeve 323. As can be seen in the top view of the perforated sleeve 323, the opening 330 'is larger outside the perforated sleeve 323 than inside the perforated sleeve 323. Tangential Aperture
    [0067] According to an additional embodiment, there is provided a throttle valve, in which the longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 '' have a substantial tangential component relative to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 323. An example is shown in Figure 5a.
    [0068] The openings 330 '' form a swirling transmission medium that imposes a swirling movement on the fluid stream that flows through the fluid outlet channel 27, in which the swirling transmission means are oriented so that the fluid stream rotates about a longitudinal geometric axis 11 of the fluid outlet channel 27 thereby inducing the liquid droplets to rotate towards the outer periphery of the fluid outlet channel 27 and to coalesce. This effect is explained in more detail above with reference to Figures 2a to 2d.
    [0069] A more detailed view is shown in Figures 5b and 5c, in which it is shown that the inlet 301 is substantially smaller than the outlet 302, thereby creating an enlarging opening in the downstream direction. In Figure 5c, the fluid outlet channel 27 and the fluid inlet channel 29 are indicated, together with arrows indicating the direction of flow. The inner walls of the openings 330 ’’ can be at an angle of divergence Φ, which can be as defined above. Again, the longitudinal geometric axis 12 is defined as the bisector of the angle of divergence Φ.
    [0070] Then, the longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 '' through the central geometric axis 11 at a distance D, which is between 0.2 and 1, preferably between 0.5 and 0.99 times the internal radius R of sleeve 323. This is similar to the example provided with reference to Figures 2a to 2d, although the openings 330 '' are now enlarged or conical.
    [0071] The internal walls of the openings 330 ’’ can, for example, be in an oblique conical section, that is, in case the round openings 330 ’’ are provided.
    [0072] Figures 5d and 5e depict schematically another example, in which the downstream direction is chosen from inside the perforated sleeve 323 to the outside of the perforated sleeve 323. This modality combines the advantages of the widening openings (self-expulsion form) with the advantages of adding swirl to the flow. Axial opening
    [0073] According to the modalities, there is provided a throttle valve, in which the longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 '' 'have a substantial axial component relative to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 323. Examples of this are shown in Figures 6a to 6d. Figures 6 and 6c show a side view of the perforated sleeve according to these modalities. In the example of Figure 6a, the downstream direction is from the outside to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323, in the example of Figure 6c, the downstream direction is from the inside to the outside of the perforated sleeve 323. Figures 6b and 6d show the view perforated sleeve 323 corresponding to Figures 6a and 6c, respectively.
    [0074] The 330 '' 'axially oriented openings have the advantage that less erosion is generated by the flow, as the aerodynamic ones as they leave the axially oriented openings (ie the efflux) contain a smaller angle with objects that they can find , such as an outer surface of the piston-type valve body 22 (if the flow is from the outside to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323) or an internal surface of the valve housing 21 (if the flow is from the inside to the the outside of the perforated sleeve 323). Consequently, the angle of impact of solid materials that are transported by the fluid stream through advection is reduced. This reduced angle of impact results in less erosion if said opposite surface is hardened typically> 1200 Vickers. The longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 '' 'can have an orientation in which they cross the central geometric axis 11 of the throttle valve at an angle α that is in the range of 20 ° <α <70 °, preferably in the range of 20 ° <α <30 °.
    [0075] The internal walls of the openings 330 ’’ ’are at an angle of divergence Φ, which can be defined as above. Tangential and axial opening
    [0076] According to the modalities, there is provided a throttle valve, in which the longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 330 '' '' have a substantially tangential component relative to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 323 and an axial component substantial relative to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve 323.
    [0077] Examples of said openings are provided in Figures 7a and 7b, both showing a top view of the perforated sleeve 323 with only one opening 330 '' '' '' by way of example.
    [0078] In the example of Figure 7a, the downstream direction is from the outside to the inside of the perforated sleeve 323. In the example of Figure 7b, the downstream direction is from the inside to the outside of the perforated sleeve 323. In two examples, the openings 330 '' '' widen in the downstream direction.
    [0079] Longitudinal geometric pebbles 12 of the openings 330 '' '' can have an orientation in which they cross the central geometric axis 11 of the throttle valve at an angle in the range of 20 ° to 70 °, preferably in the range of 20 ° to 30 °. Again, the angle of divergence Φ of the openings 330 ’’ ’’ is as defined above.
    [0080] This provides a choke valve combining the advantages of the two axial and tangential modalities provided above. Reverse flow operation
    [0081] All conical valve configurations mentioned above can be operated in two flow modes. This means that the openings can widen from the outside to the inside or from the inside to the outside. This last option can be favorable when a lower fluid outlet speed is required (for example, by erosion). Additional modalities
    [0082] It is observed that providing openings with an axial component (optionally also with a tangential component) can also be used without the aspect that the openings widen in a downstream direction. It will be understood that these modalities can be combined with all aspects and details of the modalities provided above.
    [0083] Examples are shown in Figures 9a to 9c.
    [0084] According to one embodiment, there is provided a throttle valve, comprising a fluid inlet 29 and a fluid outlet 27, the throttle valve being arranged to control a flow of a stream of fluid flowing through a flow path from the fluid inlet 29 to the fluid outlet 27, the flow path comprising a plurality of openings 430 which, in use, create a pressure reduction on the throttle valve and thus an effect of fluid, wherein the longitudinal axes 12 of the openings 430 have a substantial axial component relative to a central geometric axis 11 of the throttle valve. It will be understood that these modalities can be combined with all aspects and details of the modalities provided above.
    [0085] An example is shown in Figures 9a to 9b.
    [0086] Figure 9a shows a side view of the perforated sleeve according to this embodiment. In the example of Figure 9a, the downstream direction can be from the outside to the inside of the perforated sleeve or from the inside to the outside of the perforated sleeve, as indicated by the double arrows.
    [0087] Figure 9b shows a top view of the perforated sleeve in which it is shown that the longitudinal geometric axes of the openings 430 have a substantially axial component relative to a central geometric axis 11 of the perforated sleeve and / or the throttle valve.
    [0088] The longitudinal geometric axes 12 of the openings 430 can have an orientation in which they cross the central geometric axis 11 of the throttle valve at an angle α that is in the range of 20 ° <α <70 °, preferably in the range of 20 ° <α <30 °.
    [0089] Axially oriented openings 430 have the advantage that less erosion is generated by the flow, as the aerodynamics contain a smaller angle with the tubular wall surface of the perforated sleeve, thus reducing the angle of impact of the solid materials which are carried by the fluid stream by advection.
    [0090] According to an additional embodiment, a throttle valve comprising a fluid inlet 29 and a fluid outlet 27 is provided, the throttle valve being arranged to control a flow of a fluid stream flowing via a flow path a from the fluid inlet 29 to the fluid outlet 27, the flow path comprising a plurality of openings 430 which, in use, create pressure reduction on the throttle valve and thus a cooling effect of the fluid, wherein the longitudinal geometrical axes 12 of the openings 430 have a substantial axial component up to a central geometrical axis 11 of the throttle valve and the longitudinal geometrical axes 12 of the openings 430 have a substantial tangential component relative to the central geometrical axis of the throttle valve.
    [0091] An example is shown in Figure 9c. This modality combines the advantages of the modality described above with reference to Figures 9a and 9b with the aspect of adding a swirl to the fluid stream, allowing the separation of components. Additional Notes
    [0092] It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that other alternative and equivalent modalities of the invention can be designed and reduced to practice without departing from the spirit of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. Throttle valve, comprising a fluid inlet (29) and a fluid outlet (27), the throttle valve being arranged to control a flow of a stream of fluid flowing through a flow path from the inlet fluid (29) to the fluid outlet (27), characterized by the fact that the flow path comprises a plurality of openings (330) that, in use, create a pressure reduction on the choke valve, in which the openings (330) are arranged in a perforated sleeve (323), in which the openings (330) widen in a downstream direction and in which the longitudinal geometric axes (12) of the openings (330 '' '') have a component substantially tangential relative to a circumference of the perforated sleeve (323) and a substantially axial component relative to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve (323).
    [0002]
    2. Choke valve according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the openings (330) have a divergent angle Φ in the range of 10 ° to 50 °.
    [0003]
    3. Choke valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a valve housing (21).
    [0004]
    4. Throttle valve according to claim 3, characterized in that the throttle valve additionally comprises a piston-type valve body (22), the piston-type valve body (22) being slidably arranged with respect to the perforated sleeve (323), to control the flow of the fluid stream through the openings (330).
    [0005]
    5. Throttle valve according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the openings (330 ') have a substantially radial orientation with respect to a central geometric axis of the perforated sleeve (3).
    [0006]
    6. Throttle valve according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the axial component of the longitudinal geometric axes (12) is at an angle α with respect to a central geometric axis (11) of the throttle valve that is in the range of 20 ° <α <70 °, or in the range of 20 ° <α <30 °.
    [0007]
    7. Choke valve according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the interior surface of the openings (330, 330 ', 330' ', 330' '', 330 '' '') having a average surface roughness (Ra) below 2 microns.
    [0008]
    8. Throttle valve according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the interior surface of the openings (330, 330 ', 330' ', 330' '', 330 '' '') exerts an angle hysteresis contact with water below 25 °.
    [0009]
    9. Throttle valve according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the inner surface is coated with a Diamond-like carbon layer with a layer thickness of more than 3 microns.
    [0010]
    10. Choke valve, according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the Diamond-type carbon layer comprises one or more of the carbon-fluorine, carbon-silicon, carbon-oxygen, carbon-hydrogen bonds.
    [0011]
    11. Method for controlling the flow of a fluid stream, the method being characterized by comprising: -proving a fluid stream for a fluid inlet of a choke valve, -operating the choke valve to control the flow of the choke stream fluid, wherein the throttle valve is a throttle valve of the type defined in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN102575794A|2012-07-11|
    AU2009350548B2|2016-05-19|
    MY165246A|2018-03-14|
    CA2769585A1|2011-02-03|
    RU2507430C2|2014-02-20|
    US20120285546A1|2012-11-15|
    US9625055B2|2017-04-18|
    CA2769585C|2017-12-19|
    CN102575794B|2015-09-02|
    RU2012107536A|2013-09-10|
    EP2459916A1|2012-06-06|
    EP2459916B1|2013-05-29|
    AU2009350548A1|2012-02-23|
    WO2011014059A1|2011-02-03|
    BR112012002144A2|2016-05-31|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-22| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-02-12| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2020-03-03| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-09-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 10 (DEZ) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/12/2020, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/NL2009/050469|WO2011014059A1|2009-07-30|2009-07-30|Tapered throttling valve|
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